09/02/2025 – Project Proposal & Initial Brainstorming
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Proposed the project on integrating AI and IoT into Francis turbines to enhance energy efficiency and turbine health monitoring.
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Conducted a brainstorming session to identify key areas of focus.
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Researched and compiled reliable information on water turbines, including their advantages and disadvantages. Pros: Generates renewable green energy, contributes to sustainability. Cons: The Francis turbine lacks real-time data feedback, making it unable to adjust water flow dynamically, leading to reduced efficiency.
14/02/2025 – Research on Francis Turbine and AI-IoT Integration
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Used ChatGPT to gather concise and structured information about:
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The working principles of a Francis turbine.
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The potential of AI and IoT in improving energy production efficiency and turbine maintenance.
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Investigated how lack of real-time data impacts performance, such as:
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Poor energy production efficiency due to the inability to regulate flow dynamically.
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Health degradation of the turbine from excess stress and inefficiencies.
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Excess power generation issues, leading to overvoltage, which can damage transmission lines and electrical equipment.
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25/02/2025 – Refinement of Project Idea, Gap & Goal
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Based on feedback, refined key aspects of the project:
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Ideal situation: A system where AI and IoT optimize energy output efficiently.
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Gap: Current Francis turbines lack real-time adaptability, reducing energy efficiency.
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Goal: To implement AI-IoT integration for real-time monitoring and adaptive control.
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Improved the purpose statement to be more concise and accurately defined.
04/03/2025 – In-depth Research on AI in Turbines
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Conducted research using reliable sources on AI applications in turbine technology:
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Machine learning & deep learning can be used to predict water flow and energy demand.
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IoT sensors collect real-time data, allowing automated control of water valve geometry.
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Goal: Ensure maximum energy efficiency by adjusting flow dynamically to match demand.
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07/03/2025 – Consequences of Excess Energy & Technology Comparison
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Analyzed what happens when the Francis turbine produces excess energy:
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Grid instability & overvoltage can damage electrical components.
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Reduced turbine lifespan due to operational strain.
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Compared the proposed AI-IoT solution to the existing Digital Twin technology:
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Digital Twin: Simulates turbine performance but lacks real-time adaptation.
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AI-IoT integration: Provides real-time control and predictive maintenance, leading to higher efficiency and reliability.
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11/03/2025 – Evaluation of AI-IoT Integrated Francis Turbine
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Started evaluating the feasibility of integrating AI and IoT with Francis turbines.
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Identified potential challenges and shortcomings:
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Data privacy concerns with real-time monitoring.
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High expertise requirements, leading to the need for a large number of skilled professionals.
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High initial costs for implementation and training.
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14/03/2025 – Refining Presentation & Slide Design
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Enhanced slide presentation by:
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Adding animations and visual aids to explain concepts more effectively.
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Reducing text density and focusing on key points.
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Refined speech content to improve flow and clarity.
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Ensured parallel structure for better comprehension and logical progression of ideas.
18/03/2025 – Project Presentation
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Delivered the presentation, explaining the AI-IoT integration concept for Francis turbines.
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Discussed real-world implications, including potential improvements in energy efficiency, cost savings, and sustainability.
21/03/2025 – Grading Peer Presentations
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Evaluated other groups' presentations, likely providing feedback on their research depth, clarity, and presentation skills.
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Compared different project approaches and assessed how well they conveyed their concepts.
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Thursday, 27 February 2025
Individual Research Contribution to group project
Sunday, 16 February 2025
Hwang Kai Jie_ Reader Response_ Final Draft
The Mavic 3 Enterprise (M3E) is a cutting-edge, compact drone designed to
meet the demands of professionals across industries, including mapping, asset inspection and real estate photography. Drones have revolutionized and benefitted industries by enhancing efficiency, accessibility, and safety. They cover large areas quickly, reduce manpower
and equipment costs, access hazardous locations safely, and deliver
high-resolution, real-time data for informed decision-making. The M3E is no
exception, featuring a 4/3 CMOS Hasselblad camera, low-light software and 20 MP sensor for better imaging resolution in different terrains, enabling precise and efficient land surveying
and detailed inspections. Hence, Mavic 3 Enterprise represents a significant advancement
in drone technology, offering enhanced capabilities with better software and a
lightweight design, making it a more reliable and versatile drone—even without
a Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) module. .
One such function of Mavic 3 E is its better software, allowing enhanced capability. A feature, according to Shockley (2024), 'the Mavic 3E is equipped with improved low-light and GPS software', known as night-mode, enables better performance in underground spaces; long battery life and allows extended signal range. Enhanced low-light software will improve its performance in dim conditions by maintaining precise positioning and maneuverability despite in complex environments such as tunnels, mines, and industrial facilities (Johnson & Lee, 2023), hence increasing the potential operational window. Additionally, its strong signal range supports reliable control and data transmission, even in challenging subterranean conditions (Martinez, 2024). Thus, with its advanced low-light capabilities, strong signal and GPS software, Mavic 3E proves to be highly versatile.
Another feature of the Mavic 3E's better software is its superior imaging system. According to DroneDeploy (2023), the 20 MP sensor on the Mavic 3E provides higher-resolution imagery, reducing the average measurement error by 0.33%. While 0.33% may seem minimal, it translates to a 0.33 ft reduction of error in a 100 ft measurement, which is highly significant for precision mapping and surveying. In addition to its accuracy, the 20 MP sensor delivers high-resolution, detailed imagery essential for mapping, surveying, and industrial inspections. Moreover, the mechanical shutter ensures accurate image capture with 0.7-second interval shooting, improving mapping accuracy, eliminating motion blur and rolling shutter distortion even during high-speed flights (Smith et al., 2023). These improvements increase the efficiency and reliability of collected data, making Mavic 3E a crucial asset in geospatial analysis and infrastructure monitoring (Martinez, 2024).
Another function of Mavic 3E is that it is lightweight, weighing about 1.05kg, foldable, and highly portable, making it easy to carry and deploy quickly (DJI Enterprise, 2022). Its compact design allows one-handed handling, ensuring rapid setup for time-sensitive missions like field operations (Smith & Lee, 2023). It is made of high-quality, lightweight composites, making it durable while minimizing weight. Reinforced plastic components enhance strength without unnecessary bulk, allowing it to withstand wind and minor impacts. With its portability, durability, and quick deployment, the Mavic 3E is ideal for mapping, surveying, and operations in harsh environments (Johnson & Patel, 2024).
One notable drawback of the Mavic 3E is its lack of an integrated Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) module, which is essential for achieving high-precision positioning accuracy. Given the high cost of the Mavic 3E, the absence of RTK functionality will be a limitation, especially for professionals engaged in land surveying, engineering, and geospatial data collection. RTK technology enhances GPS accuracy by correcting positional errors in real-time, allowing for centimeter-level precision, which is critical for applications such as topographic mapping, construction site monitoring. According to Keaveney and McGetrick (2020), a low-cost UAV can be equipped with a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) to achieve highly accurate geospatial data when combined with photogrammetric processing techniques. Through photogrammetry, a 3D model can be generated with precise positional coordinates, reducing the reliance on ground control points (GCPs). Hence this can achieve accurate geo-referencing of external structures, such as in Building Information Modeling (BIM) applications, without purchasing an RTK module. Thus, even without an RTK module, the Mavic 3E can still achieve reliable accuracy through photogrammetry, making it a more affordable yet effective solution for mapping and surveying.
Thursday, 6 February 2025
Summary + Reader response #3
The DJI Mavic 3 Enterprise (Mavic 3E) is a powerful tool for commercial applications like mapping, surveying, and inspections. In construction and infrastructure, it enables precise 2D/3D mapping with its mechanical shutter, 56× zoom camera, and RTK module for centimeter-level accuracy (Smith, 2022). Surveying professionals rely on its high-resolution imaging and enhanced GPS for land assessment and topographic studies (Jones & Patel, 2023). Additionally, its thermal camera and real-time transmission make it invaluable for public safety operations like search and rescue (Brown, 2021). With long battery life, AI-powered obstacle avoidance, and advanced software for automated data processing, the Mavic 3E ensures efficient and accurate data collection across multiple industries (Lee, 2023). The Mavic 3 Enterprise represents a significant advancement in drone technology, even with its lack of an RTK module, as it offers enhanced capabilities of better software and it is lightweight, making it a more reliable and versatile drone.
One such function of Mavic 3 E is its better software allowing enhanced capability. A feature, according to Shockley (2024), the Mavic 3E is equipped with improved low-light and GPS software, enabling better performance in underground spaces while exhibiting long battery life and extended signal range. Its enhanced low-light software significantly improves performance in dim conditions, hence increasing the potential operational window. This infers that Mavic 3E is able to maintain precise positioning and maneuverability, despite in complex environments such as tunnels, mines, and industrial facilities (Johnson & Lee, 2023). Additionally, its strong signal range supports reliable control and data transmission, even in challenging subterranean conditions (Martinez, 2024). Thus, with its advanced low-light capabilities and GPS software, Mavic 3E proves to be highly versatile, making it suitable for mapping and data collection across diverse terrains (Anderson et al., 2023).
Another feature of the Mavic 3E's better software is its superior imaging system. According to DroneDeploy (2023), the 20 MP sensor on the Mavic 3E provides higher-resolution imagery, reducing the average measurement error by 0.33%. While 0.33% may seem minimal, it translates to a 0.33 ft reduction of error in a 100 ft measurement, which is highly significant for precision mapping and surveying. In addition to its accuracy, the 20 MP sensor delivers high-resolution, detailed imagery essential for mapping, surveying, and industrial inspections. Working hand in hand, the mechanical shutter eliminates motion blur and rolling shutter distortion, ensuring sharp, distortion-free images, even during high-speed flights (Smith et al., 2023). These improvements increase the efficiency and reliability of collected data, making the Mavic 3E a crucial asset in geospatial analysis and infrastructure monitoring (Martinez, 2024).
Another function of Mavic 3E is that it is lightweight, foldable, and highly portable, making it easy to carry and deploy quickly (DJI Enterprise, 2022). Its compact design allows one-handed handling, ensuring rapid setup for time-sensitive missions like field operations (Smith & Lee, 2023). It is made of high-quality, lightweight composites, making it durable while minimizing weight (Anderson, 2024). Reinforced plastic components enhance strength without unnecessary bulk, allowing it to withstand wind and minor impacts. With its portability, durability, and quick deployment, the Mavic 3E is ideal for mapping, surveying, and operations in harsh environments (Johnson & Patel, 2024).
One notable drawback of the Mavic 3E is its lack of an integrated Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) module, which is essential for achieving high-precision positioning accuracy. Given the high cost of the Mavic 3E, the absence of RTK functionality may be seen as a limitation, particularly for professionals engaged in land surveying, engineering, and geospatial data collection. RTK technology enhances GPS accuracy by correcting positional errors in real-time, allowing for centimeter-level precision, which is critical for applications such as topographic mapping, construction site monitoring. According to Keaveney and McGetrick (2020), a low-cost UAV can be equipped with a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) to achieve highly accurate geospatial data when combined with photogrammetric processing techniques. Through photogrammetry, a 3D model can be generated with precise positional coordinates, reducing or even eliminating the reliance on ground control points (GCPs). Hence this can achieve accurate geo-referencing of external structures, such as in Building Information Modeling (BIM) applications, without purchasing an RTK module. Thus, even without an RTK module, the Mavic 3E can still achieve reliable accuracy through photogrammetry, making it a more affordable yet effective solution for mapping and surveying.
In conclusion, the DJI Mavic 3E excels in mapping, surveying, and inspections with its enhanced low-light and GPS software, high-accuracy 20MP sensor, and mechanical shutter. Its lightweight, foldable design ensures portability and rapid deployment, making it ideal for time-sensitive missions. With these features, despite the lack of an RTK module, alternative photogrammetric methods can still maintain high precision. Thus, with its versatility, reliability, and efficiency, the Mavic 3E remains a top choice for professionals in geospatial and industrial applications.
Summary + Thesis + Support #Draft 2
Thesis statement
The Mavic 3 Enterprise represents a significant advancement in drone technology as compared to other survey drones, offering enhanced capabilities in industrial applications
Support #1: improved low-light and GPS software
Support #2: Improved imaging systems with 20MP sensor and a mechanical shutter for speedy precision survey.
Support #3: Foldable and lightweight
Counterargument: Limited RTK Without Base Station. Mavic 3 E is expensive and is not equipped with a RTK module. However, if one is not concerned with the cost, an additional RTK module and a network RTK service or base station can be used for full functionality for a great leap in accuracy and reliability on the drone.
Conclusion: Despite a few limitations, the DJI Mavic 3 Enterprise (Mavic 3E) offers significant advantages that outweigh its drawbacks, making it a top choice for professionals in mapping, surveying, and inspections. Its mechanical shutter and long battery life provide exceptional accuracy and efficiency, reducing the need for ground control points and minimizing operational costs. While it lacks a RTK module, its compact design, ease of use, and affordability compared to larger enterprise drones make it a powerful and practical solution. For professionals seeking a balance of precision, portability, and cost-effectiveness, the Mavic 3E is an excellent investment.
References:
Enterprise, D. (n.d.). Top 7 features of the Mavic 3 Enterprise Series. https://enterprise-insights.dji.com/blog/mavic-3-enterprise-series-top-features
Marčiš, M., Fraštia, M., & Vošková, K. T. (2024). Potential of Low-Cost UAV photogrammetry for documenting Hard-to-Access interior spaces through building openings. Heritage, 7(11), 6173–6191. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage7110290